DHC Benefits
Each national DHC benefit has been estimated at three different time situations:Outcome for 2007, based on the 2007 district heat demand level with the actual 2007 heat supply mix according to available reliable statistics.Improved systems 2007, based on the 2007 district heat demand level with the projected 2030 improved heat supply mix. This intermediate time situation is provided in order to identify the benefits with the improved heat supply mix only. Projected expansion 2030, based on the projected heat demand level for 2030 with the projected improved heat supply mix.
The three situation model was chosen in order to illustrate that the current European DHC systems can improve both by enhanced heat supply mix and by increased heat sales.
The DHC benefits have been estimated by comparing primary energy supplies, energy imports and carbon dioxide emissions with a reference situation without any DHC and CHP at all. In that reference situation, all corresponding electricity is generated in coal condensing power stations and all corresponding heat is generated by a mixture of fuel oil and natural gas boilers.
The 2007 district heat sales have been corrected according to the bar diagram in Figure 3. This correction is needed since the IEA energy balances concerning district heat sales are not correct for some countries. The IEA energy balances were chosen as the basic statistical provider for the benefit analysis, since this database is more time efficient and contains fewer heat statistic errors compared to the corresponding Eurostat database. The 2030 district heat sales have been chosen as the future heat sales estimated in the 2006 Ecoheatcool WP4 report (available at www.ecoheatcool.org).
View the National DHC Benifts sheet below or Download pdf version.
| Benefits with District Heating (DH) and
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) |
|
| Country: |
Germany |
The fundamental idea of district heating is based on the use of
recycled heat and/or the use of renewables. These energy supplies are
complemented by some traditional fossil fuels for peak and reserve
capacity.
Heat can be recycled from electricity generation from fuels (combined heat
and power), from waste incineration in Waste-to-Energy plants, and from
industrial processes.
Renewables used in European district heating systems are: Bioenergy
(biomass, biogas etc), geothermal heat, and solar energy through solar
collectors.
The use of heat recycling provides: |
| 1 |
Higher energy efficiency, since the energy system
heat losses are lower compared to |
| 2 |
the combination of alternative heat supply and
alternative electricity generation |
| 3 |
Lower primary energy supply, from the higher energy
efficiency |
| 4 |
Lower energy import, from the lower primary energy
supply, giving a higher domestic share |
| 5 |
Lower carbon dioxide emissions, since alternative
primary energy supply are based on fossil fuels |
|
| The use of renewable
energy supply provides: |
| 1 |
Lower energy import, since renewables used are
domestic resources |
| 2 |
Lower carbon dioxide emissions, since fossil fuels
are substituted from both heat supply and
electricity generation |
|
| The
combined benefits from heat recycling and renewables have been estimated for
three situations: |
| 1 |
Outcome for 2007, based
on statistics concerning heat sales and heat supply mix |
| 2 |
Improved systems 2007,
based on the 2007 heat sales and future (2030) heat supply mix |
| 3 |
Projected expansion 2030,
based on future heat sales and future heat supply mix |
|
| These
combined benefits have been estimated for Germany as: |
|
|
|
|
Outcome for 2007 |
Improved systems 2007 |
Projected expansion 2030 |
| Carbon dioxide
emissions, Mton |
| Emissions
with DH+CHP |
53.2 |
27.9 |
57.7 |
| Alternative
emissions, heat |
33.2 |
33.2 |
68.7 |
| Alternative
emissions, electricity |
48.8 |
43.9 |
90.8 |
| Change
with DH+CHP |
-28.8 |
-49.2 |
-101.9 |
| Reduction
for DH+CHP |
-35% |
-64% |
-64% |
| Primary
energy supply, PJ |
|
|
|
| With
DH + CHP |
|
789 |
728 |
1507 |
| Without
DH + CHP |
|
1048 |
996 |
2060 |
| Change
with DH+CHP |
-259 |
-268 |
-554 |
| Reduction
for DH+CHP |
-25% |
-27% |
-27% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Germany |
|
Outcome for 2007 |
Improved systems 2007 |
Projected expansion 2030 |
| National
primary energy supply, PJ |
|
|
|
| With
DH + CHP |
|
13869 |
13861 |
13574 |
| Without
DH + CHP (2007) |
14128 |
14128 |
14128 |
| Change
with DH+CHP |
-259 |
-268 |
-554 |
| Total
national reduction |
-1.9% |
-1.9% |
-4.0% |
| National
energy import, PJ |
|
|
|
| With
DH + CHP |
|
8132 |
7842 |
7205 |
| Without
DH + CHP (2007) |
8438 |
8438 |
8438 |
| Change
with DH+CHP |
-306 |
-596 |
-1233 |
| Total
national reduction |
-4% |
-7% |
-15% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Renewable
share for DH+CHP |
6% |
45% |
45% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| The
estimations above are based on the following conditions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heat
supply to the district heating systems, PJ: |
|
|
| Coal
and Coal Products |
186.5 |
73.5 |
152.0 |
| Peat |
|
|
|
|
|
| Petroleum
Products |
7.0 |
24.5 |
50.7 |
| Natural
Gas |
|
258.7 |
122.4 |
253.4 |
| Nuclear |
|
|
|
|
|
| Geothermal |
|
1.1 |
24.5 |
50.7 |
| Solar |
|
|
|
|
|
| Combustible
renewables |
7.0 |
98.0 |
202.7 |
| Waste |
|
|
23.4 |
98.0 |
202.7 |
| Electricity |
|
|
|
|
| Other
heat recycled |
6.0 |
49.0 |
101.3 |
| Total
heat generated |
489.8 |
489.8 |
1013.4 |
| Distribution
losses |
58.8 |
58.8 |
121.6 |
| Heat
sold and own use |
431.0 |
431.0 |
891.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| with
the corresponding shares of CHP |
|
|
|
| Coal
and Coal Products |
97% |
100% |
100% |
| Peat |
|
|
|
|
|
| Petroleum
Products |
30% |
50% |
50% |
| Natural
Gas |
|
79% |
90% |
90% |
| Nuclear |
|
|
|
|
|
| Geothermal |
|
|
|
|
| Combustible
renewables |
90% |
80% |
80% |
| Waste |
|
|
81% |
80% |
80% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative electricity generation has been estimated with coal
condensing plants, being the major marginal power plants in the
interconnected European power system.
Alternative heat generation has been estimated by natural gas to 63% and
heating gas oil to 37%, having annual conversion efficiencies of 85% and 78%,
respectively.
The net climate change benefit of waste incineration has not been included,
but allocated to the waste sector according to the IPCC methodology. |
|
